Thin Film  Membranes (TFM) are semipermeable membranes manufactured principally for use in water purification or water desalination systems. They also have use in chemical applications such as batteries and fuel cells. A TFM membrane can be considered as a molecular sieve constructed in the form of a film from two or more layered materials.  TFM membranes are commonly classified as  Reverse Osmosis (RO) membranes. Both types are typically made out of a thin polyamide layer (<200 nm) deposited on top of a polyether sulfone or poly sulfone porous layer (about 50 microns) on top of a non-woven fabric support sheet. The three layer configuration gives the desired properties of high rejection of undesired materials (like salts), high filtration rate, and good mechanical strength. The polyamide top layer is responsible for the high rejection and is chosen primarily for its permeability to water and relative impermeability to various dissolved impurities including salt ions and other small, unfilterable molecules.

 Working:

A filtration membrane's performance is rated by selectivity, chemical resistance, operational pressure differential and the pure water flow rate per unit area.

Due to the importance of throughput, a membrane is manufactured as thinly as possible. These thin layers introduce defects that may affect selectivity, so system design usually trades off the desired throughput against both selectivity and operational pressure.

In applications other than filtration, parameters such as mechanical strength, temperature stability, and electrical conductivity may dominate.

 

Applications:

Water purification

As a chemical reaction buffer(batteries and fuel cells)

In industrial gas separations

 

Capacity:

According to the requirement VZLD provide capacity(10KLPD to 2MLD)

 by considering feed characteristic’s.